US Federal Income Tax Calculator

It estimates your 2025 federal income tax based on your filing status and gross income, applying the standard deduction and the 2025 federal tax brackets. It also shows your taxable income, marginal rate, effective rate and income after federal tax.

For tax year 2025 the standard deduction is $15,750 for single filers (and married filing separately), $31,500 for married filing jointly, and $23,625 for head of household, following the amounts set by the One Big Beautiful Bill Act.

There are seven rates — 10%, 12%, 22%, 24%, 32%, 35% and 37% — applied to your taxable income in slices. The thresholds differ by filing status; for single filers the top 37% rate starts above $626,350, and for married filing jointly above $751,600.

No. It estimates federal income tax only. Most US states also levy their own income tax with separate rates and rules, while a few (such as Florida and Texas) have none. Add your state's tax separately for your total bill.

No. FICA — Social Security (6.2%) and Medicare (1.45%) — is a separate payroll tax from federal income tax. This calculator covers federal income tax only, so your actual paycheck deductions will be higher once FICA is included.

Your marginal rate is the rate applied to your last dollar of taxable income — the top bracket you reach. Your effective rate is your total tax divided by your income, which is lower because earlier income is taxed at lower rates.

Taxable income is your gross income minus deductions — here, the standard deduction for your filing status. The tax brackets apply to taxable income, not your gross income, so a chunk of your earnings is effectively tax-free.

This calculator applies the standard deduction, which most taxpayers use. If your itemized deductions (mortgage interest, state taxes, charitable gifts, etc.) exceed the standard amount, itemizing could lower your tax further — worth checking with a preparer.

The US uses a progressive system: only the income within each bracket is taxed at that bracket's rate. Moving into a higher bracket does not retax your whole income at the higher rate — just the portion above the threshold.

Most people are Single, Married Filing Jointly, or Head of Household (an unmarried person supporting a qualifying dependent). Married Filing Separately also exists. Status affects your standard deduction and bracket thresholds, so pick the one that matches your situation.

It gives a solid estimate for ordinary wage income using the standard deduction. It does not model credits (like the Child Tax Credit), capital gains rates, the Alternative Minimum Tax, self-employment tax, or itemized deductions, all of which can change your result.

Not specifically. Self-employed people owe self-employment tax (15.3%) on top of income tax, and can deduct business expenses. This tool estimates federal income tax on ordinary income only — self-employed filers should seek a tailored calculation.

Long-term capital gains and qualified dividends are taxed at preferential rates (0%, 15% or 20%) rather than the ordinary brackets used here. If your income includes significant investment gains, this calculator will overstate the tax on that portion.

Credits reduce your tax dollar-for-dollar after it is calculated, so they are not included in this estimate. The Child Tax Credit (up to $2,200 per child for 2025, with up to $1,700 refundable) and others could lower your actual bill substantially.

The federal brackets apply to you wherever you live, but as an American abroad you can usually offset US tax with the Foreign Tax Credit or Foreign Earned Income Exclusion, so your actual US tax is often far lower or zero. This calculator does not model those reliefs.

That depends on how much was withheld from your pay during the year versus your actual tax. This calculator shows the tax owed for the year; compare it to your withholding (on your W-2) to estimate a refund or balance due.

Tax year 2025 — the return you file in early 2026. It uses the 2025 standard deduction and 2025 federal brackets. For Americans abroad, the filing deadline is 15 April 2026, with an automatic extension to 15 June.

The calculation runs entirely in your browser. Nothing is saved unless you choose to download the branded PDF report, where you provide your name and email so we can send it and offer relevant guidance. Phone and address are optional.

Yes. Enter your name and email (phone and address optional) and we generate a TaxStone-branded PDF of your federal tax estimate to download instantly — handy for planning or sharing with your accountant.

If you have investment income, run a business, claim credits, or have cross-border US/UK obligations, a professional review often pays for itself. Book a free 20-minute call with a TaxStone IRS Enrolled Agent to check your position.